Summary Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Summary - Coursework Example Chinese security regulators also allowed traders of Shanghai and Hong-Kong to trade on each other’s markets. In terms of ex-Chief economist of the World trade organization these Chinese acts are to show Chinese leadership of the region, and it also depicts Chinese political ambitions. China has also made a deal with the  United States in order to remove tariffs on variety of Information technology products. Both countries will also  attempt to make other countries pursue the same strategy  under the  World Trade Organization (Bradsher & Stevenson, 2014). Warren E. Buffett’s ‘Berkshire Hathaway’ is decided to buy ‘Duracell’ from Procter & Gamble, valued at $4.7 billion by swapping his holding in P&G  with the re-known battery company. The deal is named as ‘cash-rich-split-off’. Through this deal, Warren E. Buffett found a way to buy a well-known brand without much tax bill. Internal Revenue service allowed such sell without big tax hit. On the other hand, P&G  has decided only to focus on its major money making businesses of toothpaste, detergent, and razors. Mr. Buffett has been a strong advocate of higher personal taxes. However, like many other companies, using so-called inversion; Mr. Buffet has traded with many high-named companies. However, he has called the two paradoxical actions as consistent  and strongly defended his actions in media. Mr. Buffet is more inclined in buying companies than holding major stakes. The purchase of Duracell, which makes 25% of the global battery market, is in the same line of actions. On the other hand, P&G is perusing a policy of shedding its small businesses (De La Merced, 2014). Delaware Court of Chancery Vice Chancellor said Royal Bank of Canada ought to pay $75.8 million to cover  losses incurred  by  Rural/Metros former shareholders  due to RBC’s inability to disclose the conflicts in interest that tainted the $438 million buyout of the ambulance operator. The

The Link Between Sleep and Stroke Links by the Research in the Paper

The Link Between Sleep and Stroke Links by the in the University of Cambridge - Research Paper Example Haemorrhagic stroke is also known as cerebral haemorrhages or intracranial haemorrhages. These types of strokes are not as common as ischaemic strokes. Sudden bleeding in the brain causes a haemorrhagic stroke. This bleeding makes the brain to swell and increased pressure is build up in the skull thus busting. The swelling and pressure damage the tissues and the brain cells. High blood pressure is an example of a condition that causes a hemorrhagic stroke (Meschia 3-4). It weakens the arteries in the brain making them prone to rupture or split. There are things that increase the risk of high blood pressure which include smoking, obesity, an excessive amount of alcohol, lack of exercise and stress. Haemorrhagic strokes can as well occur as a result of rupture of a brain aneurysm and badly formed blood vessels in the brain (Connolly et al 1712). Stroke effects vary from one person to another depending on the type, location, severity and the number of strokes. There are both mental and physical effects of stroke. Weakness or paralysis is one effect that may affect one side of the whole body or just a leg or an arm. This leads to problems of balancing and coordinating because the weight of the weak side pulls against the strong side. The other effect is a problem when using a language where a person may have problem understanding writing or a speech, have the problem of thinking the right words to speak or write or have a problem of saying words clearly. Again, a person with a stroke may suffer vision and perception problems. The condition also causes cognitive problems which include problems with thinking, attention, memory, mental activities and learning (Go 28-30).

Victorian society Essay Example for Free

Victorian society Essay Dickens concentrates on using emotive language throughout this chapter. He does this to encourage the reader to empathise and sympathise with Oliver. For example, wretched. little companions in misery. the only friends he had ever known. And also reckless with misery these quotations emphasise just how wretched and awful Olivers childhood must have been. Throughout this chapter, Dickens challenges the charitable organisations run by the church and government. The people who ran these institutions believed that poverty is the consequence of laziness and that the dreadful conditions in which they were forced to live would inspire them to better themselves. Through this novel, Dickens tries to get across that that is not true and that poor people are real people, with real feeling and real aspirations to better themselves. Dickens concentrates on criticising Mrs. Mann, Mr. Bumble and the Board members to emphasise exactly how cruel, neglectful and hypocritical they are. He is showing Oliver to be half-starved and exploited, yet still pure at heart, to get across the point that poor people arent born with the will to be criminals, but the environments, and adverse situations, are what cause criminal behaviour. He is continually criticising these characters because he has very strong views about the neglect and exploitation of children in the society of the Victorian period. The second extract which I am going to explore, with reference to the question, is Chapter Four, entitled Chapter IV. Oliver, being offered another place, makes his first entry into public life. This chapter tells us of how Oliver is dispatched to Mr. Sowerberry, the undertaker, and how he is greeted there. The arrangements made to dispose of Oliver were that, if a tradesman, approved by the Board, was to request Oliver as an apprentice, then he should receive the boy and a sum of five pounds. At the onset of the chapter, when the Board are discussing whether or not to send Oliver to sea or not, they make a very interesting conclusion -The probability being, that the skipper would flog him to death, in a playful mood or would knock his brains out with an iron bar; both pastimes being as is pretty generally known, very favourite and common recreations among gentlemen of that class. This shows us their ignorance and misunderstanding of human nature. Also, it reveals how unfeeling and malicious those gentlemen are, because they decide that sending Oliver to sea would be a very advantageous way of providing for Oliver effectually. However, when Mr.Bumble brings Mr. Sowerberry in front of the Board, Olivers fate was changed. He was to be dispatched to Mr. Sowerberrys upon liking. This means that if the boys master can get enough work out of him without giving him too much food, then he shall have the boy for a term of years to do what he likes with. That evening Oliver was taken before the Board and informed of his fate. He was also told that if he complained or was sent back to the parish, then he was to be sent to sea, there to be drowned, or knocked on the head. This is a cruel way to threaten a young boy and just goes to show how malicious and heartless these characters are. Dickens is continuing to develop a feeling of detestation towards the Board and he criticises its members relentlessly throughout this section of the chapter. He clearly displays his dislike of this aspect of Victorian society, which allows such acts of cruelty to go unchecked Dickenss character descriptions are renowned for their effectiveness and accuracy. In this chapter, he describes Mrs. Sowerberry as a short, thin squeezed up woman with a vixenish countenance. This gives the impression of slyness and unpleasantness, which is further enforced by her pettish behaviour and also by her telling Oliver You dont mind sleeping among the coffins, I suppose you cant sleep anywhere else. It is well known that children have very active imaginations; so sleeping among coffins wouldnt inspire many pleasant thoughts into a childs mind. Yet Mrs. Sowerberry show no understanding of this and just leaves Oliver alone in a room full of coffins. This highlights the fact that the Victorians had no concept or knowledge of child development and psychology. For instance, there was no awareness of adolescence. They thought that people changed directly from children to adults. There was no understanding of the teenage years, so people were either treated as children or as adults, never teenagers. A small, quite discreet bit of Dickensian irony in this chapter is the matter of the parochial seal. It is Mr. Bumble who sheds light upon this matter. He say . the parochial seal the Good Samaritan healing the sick and bruised man. The irony meant here is very clear. Oliver symbolises the sick and bruised man yet the parish did nothing for him but make his situation worse. They didnt do anything to heal him after his traumatic childhood at the hands of Mrs. Mann. If anything they treated him even more appallingly. Dickenss use of emotive language in this chapter is for much the same purpose as in the last chapter. He aims to create an even greater feeling of sympathy towards Oliver. Quotations such as with tears of real agony and Oliver piteous and helpless look increase the readers sympathetic feeling towards him. In this extract I think Dickens was concentrating on making the reader see how badly Oliver is neglected and mistreated by adults. He also uses this chapter to further criticise the behaviour of the Board members and also the behaviour of Mrs. Sowerberry. Dickens is again demonstrating how he detests the ways in which the adults inflict cruelty and neglect upon their young charges, and are allowed to get away with it because of the state of society at that time. Charles Dickens was only twenty-four years old when he wrote Oliver Twist. Yet in it, he effectively and comprehensively criticises Victorian society for its hypocrisy and the way in which it allowed poverty-stricken children, like Oliver, to be the victims of adult cruelty, neglect and exploitation. To do this, he uses his skilful character descriptions throughout the novel. For example, in Chapter Two, the Board members are described as the fat gentlemen and Oliver and his companions are described as suffering the slow tortures of slow starvation. This is implicitly emphasises to show the greed of the gentlemen, to the point where they have twice as much food as they need and their workers have less than half of what they need. He also uses ironic authorial comments throughout the novel, which are an effective way of emphasising his own views on Victorian society. Examples of this can be found throughout the book and Dickens has made his views perfectly clear to his readers. Another way in which he criticises Victorian society is in his direct, open criticisms of the unpleasant ways in which the adult characters treat Oliver. In Chapter Two, Oliver is asked if he said his prayers every night -like a Christian. And Dickens says, at length, that it would have been marvellously good if he had done so but he hadnt, because nobody had taught him. Other more discreet techniques of communicating his criticisms can be found throughout the novel. Firstly, the titles of the chapters display ironic tendencies. For example, Chapter two is entitled Treats of Oliver Twists growth, education and board. Yet from reading the chapter, anyone can tell that his childhood was far from a treat, unless being locked in a cupboard on your ninth birthday for being hungry could be considered a treat. Thus it can be assumed that Dickens was being ironic when naming the chapter.

The Evolution Of Database Management System

The Evolution Of Database Management System In the ancient times when there was no computer, the data began to be stored in voluminous data repositories, called books. And eventually with the improvement in technology and expansion in knowledge the whole communities of books transferred to the first real database libraries. The main objective of the database is to ensure that data can be stored and retrieved easily and effectively. It is a compilation of data (records) in a structured way. In a database, the information is stored in a tabular form where data may or may not be interlinked. Hence we can say that basically database is a compilation of database files and each database file is further a collection of records. Database models: Flat files (1960s 1980s): Flat file database is a database that stores information in a single file or table. In a text file, every line contains one record where fields either have fixed length or they are separated by commas, whitespaces, tabs or any other character. In a flat file database, there is no structural relationship among the records and they cannot contain multiple tables as well. Advantages: Flat file database is best for small databases. It is easy to understand and implement. Fewer skills are required to handle a flat file database. Less hardware and software skills are required to maintain a flat file database. Disadvantages: A flat file may contain fields which duplicate the data as there is no automation in flat files. If one record is to be deleted from the flat file database, then all the relevant information in different fields has to be deleted manually making the data manipulation inefficient. Flat file database waste the computer space by requiring it to keep the information on items that are logically cannot be available. Information retrieving is very time consuming in a large database. Implementation of a flat file database: Flat file database is implemented in: Berkeley DB SQLite Mimesis TheIntegrationEngineer etc. Hierarchical database (1970s 1990s): As the name indicates, hierarchical database contains data in a hierarchically-arranged data. More perceptively it can be visualized as a family tree where there is a parent and a child relationship. Each parent can have many children but one child can only have one parent i.e.; one-to-many relationship. Its hierarchical structure contains levels or segments which are equivalent to the file systems record type. All attributes of a specific record are listed under the entity type. In hierarchical database, the entity type is the main table, rows of a table represent the records and columns represent the attributes. In the above figure, CUSTOMER is the parent and it has two children (CHCKACCT SAVEACCT). Advantages: In a hierarchical database pace of accessing the information is speedy due to the predefined paths. This increases the performance of a database. The relationships among different entities are easy to understand. Disadvantages: Hierarchical database model lacks flexibility. If a new relationship is to be established between two entities then a new and possibly a redundant database structure has to be build. Maintenance and of data is inefficient in a hierarchical model. Any change in the relationships may require manual reorganization of the data. This model is also inefficient for non-hierarchical accesses. Network database (1970s 1990s): The inventor of network model is Charles Bachmann. Unlike hierarchical database model, network database allows multiple parent and child relationships i.e., it maintains many-to-many relationship. Network database is basically a graph structure. The network database model was created to achieve three main objectives: To represent complex data relationships more effectively. To improve the performance of the database. To implement a database standard. In a network database a relationship is referred to as a set. Each set comprises of two types of records, an owner record which is same as parent type in hierarchical and a member record which is similar to the child type record in hierarchical database model. Advantages: The network database model makes the data access quite easy and proficient as an application can access the owner record and all the member records within a set. This model is conceptually easy to design. This model ensures data integrity because no member can exist without an owner. So the user must make an owner entry and then the member records. The network model also ensures the data independence because the application works independently of the data. Disadvantages: The model lacks structural independence which means that to bring any change in the database structure; the application program must also be modified before accessing the data. A user friendly database management system cannot be established via network model. Implementation of network database: Network database is implemented in: Digital Equipment Corporation DBMS-10 Digital Equipment Corporation DBMS-20 RDM Embedded Turbo IMAGE Univac DMS-1100 etc. Relational database (1980s present): Relational database model was proposed by E.F. Codd. After the hierarchical and network model, the birth of this model was huge step ahead. It allows the entities to be related through a common attribute. So in order to relate two tables (entities), they simply need to have a common attribute. In the tables there are primary keys and alternative keys. Primary keys form a relation with the alternative keys. This property makes this model extremely flexible. Thus using relational database ample information can be stored using small tables. The accessing of data is also very efficient. The user only has to enter a query, and the application provides the user with the asked information. Relational databases are established using a computer language, Structured Query Language (SQL). This language forms the basis of all the database applications available today, from Access to Oracle. Advantages: Relational database supports mathematical set of operations like union, intersection, difference and Cartesian product. It also supports select, project, relational join and division operations. Relational database uses normalization structure which helps to achieve data independence more easily. Security control can also be implemented more effectively by imposing an authorization control on the sensitive attributes present in a table. Relational database uses a language which is easy and human readable. Disadvantages: The response to a query becomes time-consuming and inefficient if the number of tables between which the relationships are established increases. Implementation of Relational Database: Oracle Microsoft IBM My SQL PostgreSQL SQLite Object-oriented database (1990s present): Object oriented database management system is that database system in which the data or information is presented in the form of objects, much like in object-oriented programming language. Furthermore, object oriented DBMS also facilitate the user by offering transaction support, language for various queries, and indexing options. Also, these database systems have the ability to handle data efficiently over multiple servers. Unlike relational database, object-oriented database works in the framework of real programming languages like JAVA or C++. Advantages: If there are complex (many-to-many) relationships between the entities, the object-oriented database handles them much faster than any of the above discussed database models. Navigation through the data is much easier. Objects do not require assembly or disassembly hence saving the coding and execution time. Disadvantages: Lower efficiency level when data or relationships are simple. Data can be accessible via specific language using a particular API which is not the case in relational databases. Object-relational database (1990s present): Defined in simple terms, an object relational database management system displays a modified object-oriented user-display over the already implemented relational database management system. When various software interact with this modified-database management system, they will customarily operate in a manner such that the data is assumed to be saved as objects. The basic working of this database management system is that it translates the useful data into organized tables, distributed in rows and columns, and from then onwards, it manages data the same way as done in a relational database system. Similarly, when the data is to be accessed by the user, it is again translated from processed to complex form. Advantages: Data remains encapsulated in object-relational database. Concept of inheritance and polymorphism can also be implemented in this database. Disadvantages: Object relational database is complex. Proponents of relational approach believe simplicity and purity of relational model are lost. It is costly as well. Web enabled database (1990s present): Web enabled database simply put a database with a web-based interface. This implies that there can be a separation of concerns; namely, the web designer does not need to know the details about the DBs underlying design. Similarly, the DB designer needs to concern himself with the DBs web interface. A web enabled database uses three layers to function: a presentation layer, a middle layer and the database layer. Advantages: A web-enabled database allows users to get the information they need from a central repository on demand. The database is easy and simple to use. The data accessibility is easy via web-enabled database. Disadvantages: Main disadvantage is that it can be hacked easily. Web enabled databases support the full range of DB operations, but in order to make them easy to use, they must be dumped down.

Living With Different Customs, Practices, and Values Essay -- Immigrat

Living With Different Customs, Practices, and Values One of the greatest aspects of people from anywhere in the world is culture. Customs, practices, and values are all apart of culture that identify who we are as a person and where we come from. Being a stranger in a strange land has its basis of showing where you have come from and what your cultural backgrounds are. It is just as important to express the culture from where you have come from as it is to practice the culture to where you have immigrated. It is 1988 and it is time to say to goodbye to all my friends in Russia. The long and awaited day has come for me when I would be immigrating to America. The different customs, the different language, the different practices, and values are amongst the major differences that I was so worried about yet so anxious to experience. Upon my arrival to the United States it was like nothing I have ever seen before. There really wasn’t much of this middle men in education where a student would just do â€Å" average â€Å" in school. It was basically all or nothing. Life was very difficult to come by for most people. Even though some people such as my mom’s parents were both doctors the average starting salary for them would be around $1,500 dollars a year. And most prices were the same as they are in America. However education in Russia even through college was free. However it was very difficult to be accepted to a fine state college. Only the richest people were able to af ford to purchase a car and those people were considered to be the richest of the rich being well of. Going into business was what made many very successful in life however it was very risky. Many times what is known as the Russian Mafia would come into business and d... ...rought up with. Through Randal Bass’s essay, and my own personal experience I have realized that all people are different than others. Especially myself who has immigrated to a foreign country. Each person has his/her own values, customs, practices, and way of life. According to Randal Bass, although language barrier can be a great problem it should never let any one not be able to live their own life. The English language can have several meanings to certain words and people have to work with each other to be able to understand each other. America is all about working hard and striving to achieve. It is a place of freedom and opportunity and that should not be taken away from any person. Works Cited: Bray Randall. â€Å" Borders as Barriers: Otherness and Difference, â€Å" Bordertexts: Cultural Readings for Contemporary Writers. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999.

Individual and Society During the Great War Period :: Essays Papers

Individual and Society During the Great War Period The concept of nationalism amongst European countries grew throughout the19th century and was maintained during the Great War. People began to see themselves as part of a nation, which came before the individual. As a result of this, individual freedoms, rights, and ideas were dismissed in order to solidify the nationalistic society. Nationalistic attitudes were implanted in the minds and hearts of the public by way of propaganda, education, and unification. People were under the belief that unification was necessary for the progression of their country, and were willing to give their lives for this ideal. This ultimately led to the beginning of the Great War. The imposition of national unity limited people from being individuals, separate from the whole of society, with their own beliefs, ideals, and freedoms. Nationalism purposefully limited them by creating a central norm which not all people were willing or able to adhere to. People's rights and freedoms were slowly whittled away at by the states entrance into their lives. The state did this in many ways. The impression of a distinct language and culture were done through the use of schools. They also accomplished this through programs and common goals. As a result of the growing number of schools and literate people, printed materials advocating nationalism and patriotism aided in this development.(1)Patriotism and loyalty to the state were instilled at an early age in the hope that the child would carry them through to adulthood. People's trust and dependence on the government increased during this period, increasing its power and influence over their lives. People believed that they were becoming unified in order to protect their common freedoms and their country's opportunity for progression. This unification of individuals into one body gave them the strength of a common bond. This would cause them to stand behind their nation, and put it above all else. The feelings that nationalism ignited within people, such as patriotism and loyalty to one's country, both aided in the development of World War I, and were used as ammunition by the rulers to enhance people's willingness to give their lives to the country through battle. People no longer viewed themselves as individuals, but rather, part of the nation. During the Great War, individual needs were set aside for the good of the nation. This was carved into the minds and hearts of the soldiers as well as those that were back at home.

Psychology and New Technology Program Essay

ABC Corporation has made a decision to purchase a new technology program for their employees. Because this technology program is new, employees ranging from age 17- 70 needs to be train. Training must be complete with six months. Before training is implement, four fundamental principles of adult education, including psychological, sociocultural, biological, and cognitive must be analyze. Because of the age range it would feasible to divide the employee into two groups. First group is Young learners (YL) age group 17-25 and the second group is Adult learners (AL) age group 26-71. The AL group will require multiple sessions because of the number of employee in this group. Before training begins, both groups must prepare for learning, therefore an open discussion regarding the new technology program, training plan process and how it will affect the employees will be discuss, this discussion will gain support and full participation from the employees. After analyzing both groups, the biological factor for the YL group will not have a strong impact. Most young learner between the ages of 17-25 is computer knowledgeable and is familiar with the 21st century social media and is open for change with new technology. YL group would benefit from Web-Based Training (WBT) instead of the traditional classroom forum. Many young leaners prefer a teaching method that would keep them engaged, and eager. WBT is the delivery method for the YL group. The adult learners (AL) ages 26-70 may not be a computer literate and would benefit from the traditional classroom approach. The AL group would require the adult educator to have patience, slow lecturing, plenty of hands on exercise, and frequent breaks. Hands on exercise are a memory factor that would benefit the AL group two months after been train. Most adults learners tend to forget what they have learned. Information that goes into adult leaner memory is memorize if the learner practices remembering the information soon after he or she learns it. Psychological factors deals with individuals’ way of thinking and learning. Separating the groups would allow the employees to learn and collaborate within their age group. Developing two groups will allow the learners to relate to each other, and feel comfortable learning. Training both groups together would be challenging for the adult educator as well as the employees. The possibility of redundant questions would slow down the class, which could result in less participation. Cognitive factor is the process of obtaining knowledge through experiences. The Adult learner (AL) is in charge of their own learning. They focus on what will advance their career and life circumstances. The Young learners (YL) rely on others to tell them what they should learn. Both groups learning environment has an impact on how well they comprehend the new technology program. The YL group would benefit from a self pace, web base training module or a stimulation module with active interaction of practical and theory scenarios. Each module will require an assessment and a passing score of 90% or higher to advance to the next module. This learning style would allow the YL group to continue to make use of 21st technology. The AL group would not benefit from web base training. Most adult learners are not comfortable learning new technology, in this case the employees does not have an option. The AL group who is not adaptive to change would find it challenging to learn a new technology program via a computer; this would be an internal factor that may take time to overcome. The job of the trainer is to make the learner apart of the learning process, by asking for volunteers, or asking experiences related questions. The AL groups are concern with why and how to apply this new technology. Sociocultural deals with how adults deal with individual learning and how learning takes place. Dividing employees into separate groups will be beneficial at the end of training. Both groups can relate to their own learning team. The YL group want experience classroom group interaction with their team. Web-based training (WBT) is similar to distance learning. There will be online discussion, and e-mail dialogue. The AL group will build possibly new relationships, interact more, discuss challenges, and success. In conclusion, in order for the ABC Company to be effective with the new technology program, the recommendation is to divide the employees into separate groups, and categorize them as Adult Learner (AL), Young Learners (YL). This approach would be beneficial from the adult learner perspective and applying the four fundamental principles, simplifies the training plan and the assurance that training will be complete successfully within six months. Afterward employees will be able to apply the new concepts, and best practices of the new technology program.